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(en) France, UCL AL #371 - Ecology - Militarization: Macron and his nuclear diplomacy (ca, de, fr, it, pt, tr)[machine translation]
Date
Sat, 20 Jun 2026 07:23:56 +0300
On March 2, 2025, Macron delivered a speech at the Brest nuclear
submarine base. This was an opportunity for the government to reaffirm
its military nuclear program, in a context of increasing societal
militarization. ---- At the start of each new term, it is customary for
the President to give a speech outlining France's strategic direction
regarding nuclear policy. Since the presidentialization of power by De
Gaulle was largely based on military nuclear issues, Macron's speech at
the Brest submarine base on March 2nd will serve as official doctrine
until the next term. The speech highlighted four key ideas: strategic
support for nuclear deterrence, a deepening of dialogue with other
European states, an increase in France's nuclear warheads, and an end to
French transparency regarding their exact number.
To understand these announcements, it is essential to keep the current
context in mind. First, the return of conventional warfare to Europe. In
addition to prompting European states to re-examine their military
policies, the war in Ukraine provided Russia with an opportunity to
issue numerous threats regarding the use of nuclear weapons. These
threats concerned so-called "tactical" weapons[1], and in reality,
Russian policy on nuclear deterrence remained relatively stable. This
did not prevent European states from becoming concerned, especially
since, at the same time, the United States was gradually disengaging
from Europe and no longer seemed to be the reliable ally that most
European states had hoped for.
Macron can therefore hope to position France as a leading nuclear power
in Europe. Indeed, apart from France, only the United Kingdom possesses
nuclear weapons, but in somewhat smaller quantities and launchable only
by submarine. To reinforce his diplomatic strategy, Macron chose to flex
his muscles. First, by following the same path as Russia and the United
States, abandoning non-proliferation policies and international
transparency. And second, through "strategic support." Behind this
military jargon lies the use of non-nuclear military forces for
deterrence, particularly in the event of a rapid conflict without
nuclear weapons in a limited territory. In concrete terms, this means
strengthening the French presence in countries on the eastern border of
the European Union.
This nuclear policy is linked to France's civilian nuclear policy.
Additional funding will bolster the EPR2 program, which plans the
construction of six reactors in the French nuclear fleet. Thus, instead
of financing the construction of social housing, savings accounts will
be used to fund a program that will only be profitable through the
export of this nuclear technology. And so what if France currently has
to rely on Russia to import its enriched uranium[2]? It has to get its
supplies from somewhere, especially since Niger refuses to have its
resources plundered...
Nuclear power is therefore a highly political issue. Particularly linked
to the presidential authoritarianism of the Fifth Republic, it is a way
to export the model and thus strengthen France's position in the
European diplomatic landscape. This stance is the result of institutions
but also of choices: a race towards militarism and an assertion of
French power rather than adherence to international law.
Corentin (UCL Finistère)
Submit
[1]A euphemism used to refer to weapons less devastating than strategic
nuclear weapons; France is one of the few powers that does not possess them.
[2]In 2023, the figure was 54%; the ore comes in particular from
Kazakhstan, where France has subsidiaries. To transport it to France,
Kazakhstan's uranium transits through Russia.
https://www.unioncommunistelibertaire.org/?Militarisation-Macron-et-sa-diplomatie-nucleaire
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